ABSTRACT
The investigation performed in 18 diarrheid and 24 spastic patients showed adrenal glands hyperactivity in the former and hypoactivity in the latter. The central noradrenergic system was unresponsive to glucose in both groups: probably due to glucose-insulin failure to rise in diarrheics, whereas a hyperactive parasympathetic system may have been resposible in spactics. Diarrheics had the lowest sigmoidal tone with rectal hyperactivity and the highest plasma catecholamines + cortisol + glucose + insulin values. Spastic patients, in turn, had the highest sigmoidal tone and the lowest catecholamine values. Plasma glucose, insulin, platelet serotocin and sigmoidal tone rose in spactics, after glucose ingestion, but failed to do so in diarrheics. Further, in spactic patients, sigmoidal tone correlated positively with platelet serotonin and negatively with noradrenaline. The clonidine test showed hyperresponsivenes of growth hormone, cortisol and diastolic blood pressure in diarrheics, compared to a normal response in spastics, alpha-adrenergic antagonists suppressed diarrhea and renal hiperactivity. Alpha adrenergic agonists (wich also deplete plattelet-and myentericplexa serotonin) reduced signoidal tone to zero, increased rectal activity and provoked diarrhea. These findings suggest that peripheral sympathetic activity (prevalent in diarrheics) and hyperparasympathetic activity (prevalent in spactics) trigger these physiological disorders by respectively suppressing and reinforcing the serotonin-plexa level functioning
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colonic Diseases, Functional/classification , Colonic Diseases, Functional/diagnosis , Colon/abnormalities , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Glucose/analogs & derivatives , Insulin/administration & dosage , Serotonin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The immune system is an important part of general health maintenance mechanisms. For this purpose, it requires a very refined network of regulatory steps that allow for recognition, processing, amplification and or suppression of the immune response. This review discusses in detail this refined and sophisticated system
Subject(s)
Immunity, Cellular , Immunogenetics , B-Lymphocytes , Glycoproteins/classification , Macrophages , Major Histocompatibility Complex , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
Esta revision,relata la historia de la inmunogenetica y describe sus contribuciones y aplicaciones practicas en medicina clinica.